By R. Bourdeix, 2019 - In construction
Osborne, T. (2005). Research on coconut genetic resources in
the South Pacific. by P. Batugal, VR Rao and J. Oliver (eds.). International
Plant Genetic Resources Institute: Serdang, Malaysia. Field Field Field Field
Field In-vitro Field Field Field In-vitro, 513-523.
Robson , R.W. , 1965 . Queen Emma: the Samoan-Ameri can Girt
who Founded an Empire in Nineteenth Century New Guinea , Sydney , Pacific
Publications .
Van Velsen, R.J. & Edward, I.L. (1970) Effects of a
lightning strike on coconuts, cacao and Leucaena leucocephyla in a mixed
planting in the Gazelle peninsula. Papua New Guinea Ag. J. 21, 106-111.
In the Tasman Islands, coconut shell discs were currency: small discs made out of coconut shell, 6 to 7 mm in diameter , with a hole bored throughout their centre , are strung together alternately with similarly sized discs of white shell, and the strings used as currency in the Tasman Islands (Nukumanu) . Strings consisting solely of coconut shell discs are also used , each about one metre in length , with five strings, knotted together , making up one unit of currency .
Coconuts often had a place in ritual and magic . During a visit to the Baimuru area in 1909 , Murray was informed that ' if, after killing a man , you sit on a coconut , with a coconut under each heel, and get your daughter to boil the man ' s heart , you may drink the water in which the heart is boiled , and may eat a little of the heart , but you must be sitting on the coconuts all the time ' (Murray 1912 : 180)
Emma Eliza Coe , born in 1850 in Samoa, daughter of an American sea captain and a woman of the Malietoa lineage , married James Forsayth , a Scot , in 1869. She arrived in the Duke of York Islands in 1879, with her lover, Tom Farrell . In 1884, now using her married name of Forsayth , she took another lover, Agostino Stalio. After Stalio was killed by Pead Islanders in 1892, she married Paul Kolbe , a Germany army officer. Emma and Kolbe died in 1913. Because of her business acumen (which brought her a considerable share of the New Guinea copra trade and several plantations }, her luxurious lifestyle and her lavish hospitality, she became known as Queen Emma ( see Robson 1965).
