By R. Bourdeix, XXXX, XXXX and XXXX. 2019. In construction
The Tall-type coconut varieties, sometimes referred to as var. typica (Nar.), are widely distributed, generally grow more than 50 cm annually, flower at 6-10 years with an economic life of 50-60 years.
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Generally, Talls, being protandrous, shed pollen prior to stigma receptivity. They are generally considered as allogamous. Nevertheless, selfing is possible through inter-spadix pollination because of the overlapping between the female phase of an inflorescence and the male phase of the next inflorescence. The speed of emission of inflorescences varies according to genotype and environment, with a great seasonal variation; so does the selfing rate.
The petiole or leaf stalk is directly attached to the stem which naturally falls when it reaches the tail end of its mature phase leaving leaf scars on the trunk. A rough estimate of the age of the palm can be made by counting the leaf scars on a coconut trunk. In its prime, a coconut palm may produce 14 leaves a year but in old age, this number tends to be less; and suggested that an average of 12 is probably reasonable as a basis for estimating age, but this may also vary depending on the genotype (Child, 1974).
The aspect of the trunk also helps to estimate the age of the coconut palm. Sometimes, the stem widens at the bottom to form a bole that increases its resistance, particularly to cyclones. The stem is relatively smooth and pale in colour, with regular markings: each frond produced by the palm leaves a crescent-shaped leaf scar. It is possible to distinguish between the two types of coconut palm, Talls and Dwarfs, by the gaps between the scars. In Tall palms, the gap between two leaf scars is more than 5 cm, whereas it does not exceed 2.5 cm in Dwarfs.
Tall varieties are generally quite heterogeneous. Nut form and colour vary from one palm to another. Of the varieties described, it is possible to recognize regional types: Small elongated fruits with a large proportion of husk for Africa and India; very large elongated fruits with a large proportion of husk in the pacific region, known as Niu afa, Niu Kafa or Niu Magimagi; large round fruits in Asia; nippled fruits on Pacific islands and in Papua New Guinea, etc.
Hereunder is a list of Tall-type varieties presently conserved in Papua New Guinea
More recently the following:
Hereunder is a list of Tall-type varieties presently conserved in Papua New Guinea
|
|
Accession
Number |
International name
|
Population
|
Interna-
tional abbre -viation |
|
1
|
SRS BBR
|
Baibara Tall
|
|
BBR
|
|
2
|
SRS ELT05
|
East Sepik Tall
|
Marineberg
|
ELT05
|
|
3
|
SRS ELT02
|
East Sepik Tall
|
Hawain
|
ELT02
|
|
4
|
SRS ELT03
|
East Sepik Tall
|
Yangoru
|
ELT03
|
|
5
|
SRS ELT04
|
East Sepik Tall
|
Vokio
|
ELT04
|
|
6
|
SRS GRT03
|
Gazelle Peninsula
Tall
|
03 R
|
GPT03
|
|
7
|
SRS GYT02
|
Gazelle Peninsula
Tall
|
02 Y
|
GPT02
|
|
8
|
SRS GYT03
|
Gazelle Peninsula
Tall
|
03 Y
|
GPT03
|
|
9
|
SRS GLT01
|
Gazelle Peninsula Tall
|
01
|
GPT01
|
|
10
|
SRS GLT03
|
Gazelle Peninsula
Tall
|
03
|
GPT03
|
|
11
|
SRS GLT04
|
Gazelle Peninsula
Tall
|
04
|
GPT04
|
|
12
|
SRS GMT05
|
Gazelle Peninsula
Tall
|
05
|
GPT05
|
|
13
|
SRS GRT02
|
Gazelle Peninsula Tall
|
02 R
|
GPT02
|
|
14
|
SRS GLT02
|
Gazelle Peninsula Tall
|
02
|
GPT02
|
|
15
|
SRS HLT
|
Hihisu Tall
|
|
HLT
|
|
16
|
SRS ILT
|
Iokea Tall
|
|
ILT
|
|
17
|
CCRI KKT
|
Karkar Tall
|
|
KKT
|
|
18
|
SRS KKT01
|
Karkar Tall
|
Guanaga
|
KKT01
|
|
19
|
SRS KKT02
|
Karkar Tall
|
Kinim
|
KKT02
|
|
20
|
SRS KKT03
|
Karkar Tall
|
Ulatava
|
KKT03
|
|
21
|
SRS KWT01
|
Kiwai Tall
|
Severimabau
|
KWT01
|
|
22
|
SRS KWT02
|
Kiwai Tall
|
Boze
|
KWT02
|
|
23
|
SRS MAT01
|
Manus Tall
|
Lawes
|
MAT01
|
|
24
|
SRS MAT02
|
Manus Tall
|
Lako
|
MAT02
|
|
25
|
SRS MAT03
|
Manus Tall
|
Baluan
|
MAT03
|
|
26
|
SRS MVT01
|
Markham Valley Tall
|
Markham Fa
|
MVT
|
|
27
|
SRS MVT02
|
Markham Valley Tall
|
lLara Vill
|
MVT
|
|
28
|
SRS MBT03
|
Milne Bay Tall
|
Siagara
|
MBT03
|
|
29
|
SRS MBT04
|
Milne Bay Tall
|
Bubuleta
|
MBT04
|
|
30
|
SRS NLT04
|
Namatanai Tall
|
Etalat
|
NLT04
|
|
31
|
SRS NLT01
|
Namatanai Tall
|
Karu Village
|
NLT01
|
|
32
|
SRS NLT02
|
Namatanai Tall
|
Kenapit
|
NLT02
|
|
33
|
SRS NLT03
|
Namatanai Tall
|
Sohu
|
NLT03
|
|
34
|
SRS OLT01
|
Oro Tall
|
Saiho
|
OLT01
|
|
35
|
SRS OLT02
|
Oro Tall
|
Ajoa
|
OLT02
|
|
36
|
SRS OLT03
|
Oro Tall
|
Kikibator
|
OLT03
|
|
37
|
SRS PYD
|
Papua New Guinea Yellow Dwarf
|
|
PYD
|
|
38
|
SRS PLT
|
Poligolo Tall
|
|
PLT
|
|
39
|
SRS RLT
|
Rennell Island Tall
|
|
RIT
|
|
40
|
SRS TRT
|
Talasea Red Tall
|
|
TRT
|
|
41
|
SRS VLT01
|
Vailala Tall
|
Miha Kavava
|
VLT01
|
|
42
|
SRS VLT02
|
Vailala Tall
|
Keakea
|
VLT02
|
|
43
|
SRS WLT01
|
West New Britain Tall
|
Gaungo
|
WLT01
|
|
44
|
SRS WLT02
|
West New Britain Tall
|
Naviro
|
WLT02
|
|
45
|
SRS WUNT
|
Wutung Tall
|
|
WUNT
|
More recently the following:
|
Varieties
|
Accession
Name (Cultivars)
|
No.
of palms
|
|
Local
|
Bougainville Large Fruited (BLF)
|
100
|
|
|
Lamur Yellow Tall
|
9
|
|
|
Lamur Red Tall
|
13
|
|
|
Niu Garuk
|
12
|
|
|
Spicata Brown Tall
|
22
|
|
|
Spicata Green Tall
|
8
|
|
|
Spicata Red Tall
|
3
|
|
Introduced
|
Tuvalu Tall (TUV) (Tuvalu)
|
1
|
